The terraced farming technique has enabled local farmers to grow rice sustainably, using traditional farming techniques and minimizing environmental impact. In addition, the terraced rice fields have created a stunning and unique landscape, a major tourist attraction for the region.

Ranging in age, depending on the source, from 400 to 2000 years old, they are still used today for efficient rice cultivation. In 1995, UNESCO declared five of these rice fields, those of Batad, Bangaan, Mayoyao, Hungduan and Nagacadan, as World Heritage Sites, recognizing their unique cultural and archaeological value.

On the other hand, it is believed that the terraces were initially used for the cultivation of taro, a kind of tuber of the Araceae family appreciated for its leaves as well as for its roots and bulbs. This would be replaced by rice during the 17th century, maintaining the old cultivation structures on the terraces until the present day.

The terracing system is a remarkable engineering and planning achievement, requiring the construction of stone retaining walls, irrigation systems and soil leveling to grow rice on the mountain slopes. The result is a terraced landscape extending over thousands of hectares, with some terraces reaching heights of up to 1,500 meters above sea level.

These terraced fields made it possible to grow rice and other vegetables on land that would otherwise have been unsuitable for agriculture. In addition, this cultivation technique has allowed farmers to increase the amount of arable land available, which has been crucial for the livelihood of the local population for many centuries.

The terraces were built by hand, using simple tools and traditional construction techniques, adding stone walls and earth to prevent irrigation water from escaping and to hold the soil in place. Each terrace is carefully leveled to ensure even distribution of water and soil.

The rice paddy irrigation system is another example of ingenuity, harnessing water from nearby rivers and streams and distributing it efficiently across the various terraces through canals and aqueducts made of bamboo. This constant supply of water is essential for rice cultivation and allows farmers to harvest up to twice a year.

The terraced rice fields in the Cordilleras of the Philippines are an impressive example of how humans have adapted to their natural environment. They are also an essential component of the cultural and spiritual identity of the people of the area. Each stage of the agricultural process, from soil preparation to harvesting, is imbued with rituals and ceremonies that seek to ensure a successful harvest and maintain the balance between man and nature.

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