Formerly known as Hegra, the site is located in a large area of the desert, with impressive sandstone cliffs and rock formations providing a spectacular backdrop to the ancient city complex. Also known as Al-Hijr, this site is home to hundreds of rock-cut tombs and ancient archaeological remains, dating back to the Nabataean period.

This extensive settlement took place during the 1st century AD, being the second capital of the Nabataean Kingdom. The site was a stop for the frankincense, myrrh and spice trade routes and was connected to the port of Egra Kome on the Red Sea. The site is mentioned in the Qur'an. According to Islam, the site of Al-Hijr was settled by the tribe of Thamud, who "took palaces from its plains for themselves and carved houses in the mountains."

Like Petra, Hegra was annexed by the Roman Empire as part of the Roman province of Arabia, and its influence can be seen in the adoption of typically Roman architectural styles in the stone carved constructions. After the fall of the Roman Empire, the city went into gradual decline, but remained a resting and supply point for travelers and pilgrims on their way to Mecca.

In the following centuries and during the Ottoman occupation, the place was definitely abandoned, sporadically used by Bedouin camps in the region. Thus, the majesty of its constructions remained impassive to the passing of the centuries until, finally, in the 19th century, an English traveler, who had heard of a place very similar to Petra, visited the ruins. Years later, the construction of a railroad that passed near the site facilitated the arrival of researchers and archaeologists to the area, who documented the site.

The site was not identified by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia as an archaeological site until the early 1970s, with some excavations taking place during the later 1980s and 1990s. Beginning in 2000, the Saudi government invited expeditions to conduct archaeological explorations as part of its drive to promote cultural heritage protection and tourism, resulting in the site's proclamation as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2008. Since that time, intensive archaeological studies for documentation and preservation of the site were carried out, gradually opening it to international tourism.

In addition to the tombs, Mada'in Saleh also features other archaeological remains, such as temples and Nabataean houses. Visitors can walk through the ruins and explore the ancient buildings, discovering the rich history and culture of the region. The ancient remains of Mada'in Saleh are a testament to the grandeur and skill of the ancient civilizations that inhabited the area.

Mada'in Saleh is also known for its natural beauty, with rock formations and desert landscapes offering a unique and enriching experience for visitors. Visitors can enjoy the natural beauty while exploring the archaeological remains, making the experience even more enriching.

The site of the ancient city of Hegra is definitely a Saudi archaeological and cultural treasure that offers a unique and unforgettable experience for visitors. From the beauty of the Nabataean tombs carved into the massive rock formations to the rich history and culture of the region, Mada'in Saleh is a must-see destination for anyone visiting Saudi Arabia, a country that in recent years is betting on showcasing its extensive heritage to the rest of the world.

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